:root {
            --paper: #F7F5EF;
            --paper-alt: #EFEAD9;
            --paper-deep: #E8E2CE;
            --ink: #15191A;
            --ink-soft: #4B534C;
            --ink-faint: #7B8177;
            --forest: #1F3A2E;
            --forest-light: #2F5443;
            --forest-pale: #E1E9E1;
            --amber: #C98A2C;
            --amber-light: #E8B968;
            --line: rgba(21, 25, 26, 0.12);
            --line-strong: rgba(21, 25, 26, 0.22);

            --font-display: Georgia, 'Iowan Old Style', 'Palatino Linotype', 'Book Antiqua', serif;
            --font-body: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
            --font-mono: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;

            --max-w: 1180px;
            --max-w-article: 720px;
            --shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(21, 25, 26, 0.08);
            --shadow-md: 0 8px 24px rgba(21, 25, 26, 0.10);
            --shadow-lg: 0 20px 48px rgba(21, 25, 26, 0.16);
            --ease: cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
        }

        *,
        *::before,
        *::after {
            box-sizing: border-box;
        }

        html {
            scroll-behavior: smooth;
        }

        @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
            html {
                scroll-behavior: auto;
            }

            *,
            *::before,
            *::after {
                animation-duration: 0.001ms !important;
                transition-duration: 0.001ms !important;
                scroll-behavior: auto !important;
            }
        }

        body {
            margin: 0;
            background: var(--paper);
            color: var(--ink);
            font-family: var(--font-body);
            font-size: 16px;
            line-height: 1.6;
            -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
        }

        img,
        svg {
            display: block;
            max-width: 100%;
        }

        a {
            color: inherit;
            text-decoration: none;
        }

        ul,
        ol {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }

        button {
            font-family: inherit;
            cursor: pointer;
        }

        .wrap {
            max-width: var(--max-w);
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 0 32px;
        }

        a:focus-visible,
        button:focus-visible {
            outline: 2px solid var(--forest);
            outline-offset: 3px;
        }

        .eyebrow {
            font-family: var(--font-mono);
            font-size: 12px;
            letter-spacing: 0.14em;
            text-transform: uppercase;
            color: var(--amber);
            display: inline-flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 8px;
        }

        .eyebrow::before {
            content: '';
            width: 18px;
            height: 1px;
            background: var(--amber);
            display: inline-block;
        }

        .btn {
            display: inline-flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 10px;
            padding: 13px 24px;
            border-radius: 2px;
            font-size: 14px;
            font-weight: 600;
            border: 1px solid transparent;
            transition: transform 0.35s var(--ease), box-shadow 0.35s var(--ease), background 0.25s ease;
        }

        .btn-primary {
            background: var(--forest);
            color: var(--paper);
        }

        .btn-primary:hover {
            transform: translateY(-2px);
            box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
            background: var(--forest-light);
        }

        /* ============================================================
     HEADER (same system as homepage)
     ============================================================ */
        .site-header {
            position: sticky;
            top: 0;
            z-index: 100;
            background: rgba(247, 245, 239, 0.88);
            backdrop-filter: blur(10px) saturate(140%);
            -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px) saturate(140%);
            border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
            transition: border-color 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
        }

        .site-header.scrolled {
            border-bottom-color: var(--line);
            box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(21, 25, 26, 0.05);
        }

        .nav-inner {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: space-between;
            padding: 20px 32px;
            max-width: var(--max-w);
            margin: 0 auto;
        }

        .logo {
            font-family: var(--font-display);
            font-size: 22px;
            display: flex;
            align-items: baseline;
            gap: 8px;
        }

        .logo em {
            font-style: normal;
            color: var(--amber);
            font-size: 11px;
            font-family: var(--font-mono);
            letter-spacing: 0.1em;
            text-transform: uppercase;
            border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
            padding: 3px 7px;
            border-radius: 2px;
            transform: translateY(-6px);
        }

        .nav-links {
            display: flex;
            gap: 38px;
            align-items: center;
        }

        .nav-links a {
            font-size: 14px;
            font-weight: 500;
            color: var(--ink-soft);
            position: relative;
            padding: 4px 0;
            transition: color 0.25s ease;
        }

        .nav-links a::after {
            content: '';
            position: absolute;
            left: 0;
            bottom: -2px;
            width: 0;
            height: 1px;
            background: var(--forest);
            transition: width 0.3s var(--ease);
        }

        .nav-links a:hover {
            color: var(--ink);
        }

        .nav-links a:hover::after {
            width: 100%;
        }

        .nav-actions {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 16px;
        }

        .hamburger {
            display: none;
            flex-direction: column;
            justify-content: center;
            gap: 5px;
            width: 36px;
            height: 36px;
            background: none;
            border: none;
            padding: 0;
        }

        .hamburger span {
            display: block;
            height: 2px;
            width: 100%;
            background: var(--ink);
            border-radius: 2px;
            transition: transform 0.3s var(--ease), opacity 0.3s var(--ease);
        }

        .hamburger.open span:nth-child(1) {
            transform: translateY(7px) rotate(45deg);
        }

        .hamburger.open span:nth-child(2) {
            opacity: 0;
        }

        .hamburger.open span:nth-child(3) {
            transform: translateY(-7px) rotate(-45deg);
        }

        .mobile-menu {
            display: none;
            flex-direction: column;
            padding: 8px 32px 28px;
            border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
            background: var(--paper);
        }

        .mobile-menu a {
            padding: 14px 0;
            font-size: 16px;
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
        }

        .mobile-menu.open {
            display: flex;
            animation: slideDown 0.35s var(--ease);
        }

        @keyframes slideDown {
            from {
                opacity: 0;
                transform: translateY(-8px);
            }

            to {
                opacity: 1;
                transform: translateY(0);
            }
        }

        @media (max-width: 860px) {
            .nav-links {
                display: none;
            }

            .hamburger {
                display: flex;
            }

            .nav-actions .btn-primary {
                display: none;
            }
        }

        /* ============================================================
     READING PROGRESS BAR
     ============================================================ */
        .progress-track {
            position: sticky;
            top: 0;
            z-index: 101;
            height: 3px;
            width: 100%;
            background: transparent;
        }

        .progress-bar {
            height: 100%;
            width: 0%;
            background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--forest), var(--amber));
            transition: width 0.1s linear;
        }

        /* ============================================================
     ARTICLE HEADER
     ============================================================ */
        .article-header {
            padding: 64px 0 0;
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
        }

        .breadcrumb {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 8px;
            font-family: var(--font-mono);
            font-size: 12px;
            color: var(--ink-faint);
            margin-bottom: 28px;
        }

        .breadcrumb a {
            color: var(--ink-faint);
            transition: color 0.2s ease;
        }

        .breadcrumb a:hover {
            color: var(--forest);
        }

        .article-head-inner {
            max-width: var(--max-w-article);
            margin: 0 auto;
            text-align: left;
        }

        .article-head-inner h1 {
            font-family: var(--font-display);
            font-weight: 400;
            font-size: clamp(34px, 5vw, 54px);
            line-height: 1.12;
            letter-spacing: -0.01em;
            margin: 16px 0 22px;
        }

        .article-dek {
            font-size: 19px;
            color: var(--ink-soft);
            line-height: 1.55;
            margin: 0 0 36px;
            font-family: var(--font-display);
            font-style: italic;
        }

        .article-byline {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: space-between;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            gap: 18px;
            padding: 22px 0;
            border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
            margin-bottom: 0;
        }

        .byline-person {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 12px;
        }

        .avatar-dot {
            width: 42px;
            height: 42px;
            border-radius: 50%;
            flex-shrink: 0;
            background: linear-gradient(140deg, var(--forest), var(--amber));
        }

        .avatar-dot.sm {
            width: 26px;
            height: 26px;
        }

        .byline-person strong {
            display: block;
            font-size: 14.5px;
            font-weight: 600;
        }

        .byline-person span {
            font-size: 13px;
            color: var(--ink-faint);
        }

        .byline-actions {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 14px;
        }

        .icon-btn {
            width: 38px;
            height: 38px;
            border-radius: 50%;
            border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: center;
            transition: all 0.3s var(--ease);
            background: none;
        }

        .icon-btn:hover {
            background: var(--forest);
            border-color: var(--forest);
            color: var(--paper);
            transform: translateY(-2px);
        }

        .icon-btn svg {
            width: 16px;
            height: 16px;
            fill: currentColor;
        }

        .icon-btn.active {
            background: var(--amber);
            border-color: var(--amber);
            color: var(--ink);
        }

        /* ============================================================
     HERO IMAGE
     ============================================================ */
        .article-hero-img {
            max-width: var(--max-w);
            margin: 44px auto 0;
            padding: 0 32px;
        }

        .hero-image {
            height: min(52vw, 460px);
            border-radius: 6px;
            background:
                repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0 2px, transparent 2px 16px),
                linear-gradient(155deg, #2F5443, #16241C 65%);
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: center;
            font-family: var(--font-display);
            font-size: 88px;
            color: rgba(247, 245, 239, 0.18);
            box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
        }

        .hero-caption {
            max-width: var(--max-w-article);
            margin: 14px auto 0;
            padding: 0 32px;
            font-size: 13px;
            color: var(--ink-faint);
            font-family: var(--font-mono);
        }

        /* ============================================================
     ARTICLE BODY
     ============================================================ */
        .article-body-wrap {
            padding: 56px 0 0;
        }

        .article-layout {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr var(--max-w-article) 1fr;
            gap: 40px;
            max-width: var(--max-w);
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 0 32px;
        }

        .article-content {
            grid-column: 2;
            font-size: 18px;
            line-height: 1.8;
            color: var(--ink);
        }

        .article-content p {
            margin: 0 0 26px;
        }

        .article-content p:first-of-type::first-letter {
            font-family: var(--font-display);
            font-size: 64px;
            line-height: 0.8;
            float: left;
            padding: 8px 10px 0 0;
            color: var(--forest);
        }

        .article-content h2 {
            font-family: var(--font-display);
            font-weight: 400;
            font-size: 30px;
            margin: 52px 0 20px;
            line-height: 1.3;
        }

        .article-content h3 {
            font-family: var(--font-display);
            font-weight: 400;
            font-size: 23px;
            margin: 38px 0 16px;
        }

        .article-content blockquote {
            margin: 40px 0;
            padding: 4px 0 4px 26px;
            border-left: 3px solid var(--amber);
            font-family: var(--font-display);
            font-style: italic;
            font-size: 23px;
            line-height: 1.5;
            color: var(--ink-soft);
        }

        .article-content blockquote cite {
            display: block;
            margin-top: 12px;
            font-family: var(--font-mono);
            font-style: normal;
            font-size: 13px;
            color: var(--ink-faint);
        }

        .article-content ul,
        .article-content ol {
            margin: 0 0 26px;
            padding-left: 24px;
        }

        .article-content li {
            margin-bottom: 10px;
        }

        .article-content a {
            color: var(--forest);
            text-decoration: underline;
            text-decoration-color: var(--line-strong);
            text-underline-offset: 3px;
            transition: text-decoration-color 0.25s ease;
        }

        .article-content a:hover {
            text-decoration-color: var(--forest);
        }

        .article-content strong {
            font-weight: 700;
        }

        .article-content hr {
            border: none;
            height: 1px;
            background: var(--line);
            margin: 48px 0;
        }

        .pull-image {
            margin: 44px 0;
            height: 280px;
            border-radius: 6px;
            background:
                repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, rgba(21, 25, 26, 0.03) 0 2px, transparent 2px 16px),
                linear-gradient(155deg, #E8B968, #C98A2C 60%, #8A5A17);
        }

        .pull-image-caption {
            margin-top: 10px;
            font-size: 13px;
            color: var(--ink-faint);
            font-family: var(--font-mono);
        }

        .tag-row {
            display: flex;
            gap: 10px;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            margin-top: 48px;
        }

        .tag-chip {
            font-family: var(--font-mono);
            font-size: 12px;
            letter-spacing: 0.04em;
            padding: 7px 14px;
            border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
            border-radius: 20px;
            color: var(--ink-soft);
            transition: all 0.25s ease;
        }

        .tag-chip:hover {
            border-color: var(--forest);
            color: var(--forest);
            background: var(--forest-pale);
        }

        @media (max-width: 900px) {
            .article-layout {
                grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            }

            .article-content {
                grid-column: 1;
            }
        }

        @media (max-width: 640px) {
            .article-content {
                font-size: 17px;
            }

            .article-content p:first-of-type::first-letter {
                font-size: 48px;
            }
        }

        /* ============================================================
     SHARE RAIL (desktop, floats beside article)
     ============================================================ */
        .share-rail {
            grid-column: 1;
            justify-self: end;
            position: sticky;
            top: 100px;
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
            gap: 12px;
            height: fit-content;
        }

        @media (max-width: 900px) {
            .share-rail {
                display: none;
            }
        }

        /* ============================================================
     AUTHOR CARD (end of article)
     ============================================================ */
        .author-card {
            max-width: var(--max-w-article);
            margin: 64px auto 0;
            padding: 32px 32px;
            display: flex;
            gap: 22px;
            align-items: flex-start;
            background: var(--paper-alt);
            border-radius: 8px;
        }

        .author-card .avatar-dot {
            width: 64px;
            height: 64px;
            flex-shrink: 0;
        }

        .author-card h4 {
            font-family: var(--font-display);
            font-weight: 400;
            font-size: 20px;
            margin: 0 0 8px;
        }

        .author-card p {
            font-size: 14.5px;
            color: var(--ink-soft);
            margin: 0 0 14px;
            line-height: 1.6;
        }

        .author-card a {
            font-size: 13px;
            font-weight: 600;
            color: var(--forest);
        }

        /* ============================================================
     COMMENTS
     ============================================================ */
        .comments-section {
            max-width: var(--max-w-article);
            margin: 64px auto 0;
            padding: 0 32px;
        }

        .comments-head {
            display: flex;
            align-items: baseline;
            gap: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 28px;
        }

        .comments-head h3 {
            font-family: var(--font-display);
            font-weight: 400;
            font-size: 22px;
            margin: 0;
        }

        .comments-head span {
            font-family: var(--font-mono);
            font-size: 13px;
            color: var(--ink-faint);
        }

        .comment-form {
            margin-bottom: 44px;
        }

        .comment-form textarea {
            width: 100%;
            min-height: 100px;
            resize: vertical;
            padding: 16px;
            border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
            border-radius: 4px;
            font-family: var(--font-body);
            font-size: 14.5px;
            background: var(--paper);
            transition: border-color 0.25s ease;
        }

        .comment-form textarea:focus {
            outline: none;
            border-color: var(--forest);
        }

        .comment-form-foot {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            align-items: center;
            margin-top: 12px;
        }

        .comment-form-msg {
            font-size: 13px;
            font-family: var(--font-mono);
            color: var(--ink-faint);
        }

        .comment-form-msg.success {
            color: var(--forest);
        }

        .comment {
            display: flex;
            gap: 14px;
            padding: 22px 0;
            border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
        }

        .comment-body {
            flex: 1;
        }

        .comment-head {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 6px;
        }

        .comment-head strong {
            font-size: 14px;
        }

        .comment-head span {
            font-size: 12.5px;
            color: var(--ink-faint);
            font-family: var(--font-mono);
        }

        .comment p {
            font-size: 14.5px;
            color: var(--ink-soft);
            margin: 0;
            line-height: 1.6;
        }

        /* ============================================================
     RELATED POSTS
     ============================================================ */
        .related-section {
            padding: 80px 0 96px;
            border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
            margin-top: 72px;
        }

        .related-head {
            text-align: center;
            margin-bottom: 44px;
        }

        .related-head h2 {
            font-family: var(--font-display);
            font-weight: 400;
            font-size: 30px;
            margin: 10px 0 0;
        }

        .related-grid {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
            gap: 28px;
        }

        .related-card {
            background: var(--paper);
            border: 1px solid var(--line);
            border-radius: 6px;
            overflow: hidden;
            transition: transform 0.35s var(--ease), box-shadow 0.35s var(--ease);
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
        }

        .related-card:hover {
            transform: translateY(-5px);
            box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
        }

        .related-thumb {
            height: 150px;
        }

        .rthumb-1 {
            background: linear-gradient(150deg, #3D5A80, #1B2A3C);
        }

        .rthumb-2 {
            background: linear-gradient(150deg, #8A4B3B, #40201A);
        }

        .rthumb-3 {
            background: linear-gradient(150deg, #5B4B8A, #251E3C);
        }

        .related-body {
            padding: 20px 22px 24px;
        }

        .related-body span.eyebrow {
            font-size: 11px;
        }

        .related-body h3 {
            font-family: var(--font-display);
            font-weight: 400;
            font-size: 17.5px;
            margin: 12px 0 0;
            line-height: 1.35;
        }

        @media (max-width: 860px) {
            .related-grid {
                grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            }
        }

        /* ============================================================
     FOOTER (same as homepage)
     ============================================================ */
        footer {
            background: var(--ink);
            color: rgba(247, 245, 239, 0.72);
            padding: 56px 0 28px;
        }

        .footer-bottom {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            align-items: center;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            gap: 12px;
            font-size: 13px;
            color: rgba(247, 245, 239, 0.42);
            max-width: var(--max-w);
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 0 32px;
        }

        .footer-bottom a {
            color: rgba(247, 245, 239, 0.6);
        }

        .footer-bottom a:hover {
            color: var(--amber-light);
        }

        footer .logo {
            color: var(--paper);
            max-width: var(--max-w);
            margin: 0 auto 20px;
            padding: 0 32px;
            display: block;
        }

        @media (max-width: 640px) {

            .wrap,
            .article-hero-img,
            .hero-caption,
            .article-layout,
            .comments-section,
            .footer-bottom,
            footer .logo {
                padding-left: 20px;
                padding-right: 20px;
            }

            .author-card {
                flex-direction: column;
            }
        }